Naturalism+as+a+literary+movement.DH

Naturalism can be defined as the way in which a person is changed through his or her social conditions, heredity, and environment. Robert Brustein characterizes literary Naturalism as "awakening" and "disturbing" towards audience members, and is a revolt in which a "new" concept or idea becomes "old" rather quickly. In //A Doll's House,// Henrik Ibsen focuses on the social conditions of conformity and revolt as two contrasting themes within the play, in which the "new" becomes the "old" through Nora's revelation of the truth. Realizing that her marriage has not succeeded and that it is time to mvove on, a new truth dawns on Nora and she leaves her husband.

Eakambaram, N. "Naturalism in Drama and Ibsen's A Doll's House." //The Indian Review of World Literature in English//. Vol. 3. Talimandu: Indian Review of World Literature in English. Print.

· Naturalist writers use a scientific method in coming up with their novels. They usually start by collecting the results of their studies on how humans live through the influences of environment and heredity. Most naturalist writers use characters from the lower classes or the middle classes and choose a rather mundane setting. · Famous Norwegian naturalist writer (Late 19th century): Amalie Skram (1846-1905) wrote naturalistic novels in which she analyzed contemporary social injustices. Her most well-known naturalistic novel, Hellemyrsfolket (The People of Hellemyr) was published in 1887.

"19th-century Women Writers." //Norway: OVERVIEW//. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. []. Themes (Naturalism in American Literature)
 * Identifies survival, determinism, violence, and taboo as key themes.
 * The "brute within" each individual, composed of strong and often warring emotions: passions, such as lust, greed, or the desire for dominance or pleasure; and the fight for survival in an amoral, indifferent universe. The conflict in naturalistic novels is often "man against nature" or "man against himself" as characters struggle to retain a "veneer of civilization" despite external pressures that threaten to release the "brute within."
 * The forces of heredity and environment as they affect--and afflict--individual lives.
 * An indifferent, deterministic universe. Naturalistic texts often describe the futile attempts of human beings to exercise free will, often ironically presented, in this universe that reveals free will as an illusion.

** Naturalism ** === · a literary movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries  === === · the application of scientific principles to literature  === === · behavior is determined by environmental pressures or biological determinism, none of which can be controlled or even clearly understood  === === · based on Charles Darwin's theories published in //The Origin of Species // (1859) ===